There are songs on this album that became true anthems. For example, Travelin' Band, with its 1950s rockabilly feel, inspired a plagiarism lawsuit that was settled out of court. Its B-side, Who'll Stop the Rain, offers a complete contrast, and Fogerty described it as a reflection of the era's concerns, while Run Through the Jungle generated interpretations about the war, although the band pointed out it was about the proliferation of weapons in the United States. On the other hand, Lookin' Out My Back Door is a direct nod to the Bakersfield Sound, a style that greatly influenced Fogerty, even mentioning Buck Owens in the lyrics.
The impact of Cosmo's Factory was immediate and powerful. Six of its eleven tracks were released as singles in 1970, and all of them reached the top 5 of the Billboard Hot 100. The album remained at the top of the Billboard 200 for nine consecutive weeks, and in 1990 it was certified 4x platinum. Its influence endures, being recognized in lists of the best albums of all time, such as Rolling Stone's, which ranked it at number 413 in its 2020 edition.