The impact of Dookie was considerable. After years dominated by grunge, its more energetic and catchy sound brought rock to a wider audience, catapulting Green Day to international fame. While some of their older fans felt the band had "sold out" by signing with a major record label and opting for a more polished sound, the album was critically acclaimed. In 1995, it received the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Album. Commercially, it reached number two on the Billboard 200 in the United States and charted in the top ten in several countries.
The influence of Dookie extended far beyond the 1990s, inspiring numerous punk rock and pop-punk bands. It has become one of the band's best-selling albums, with over 20 million copies sold worldwide. Its cultural relevance is such that in 2024 it was selected for preservation in the United States National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress. The band had been on the radar of major record labels following the success of their previous works, such as 39/Smooth (1990) and Kerplunk (1991). However, it was the meeting with Rob Cavallo, who demonstrated a genuine connection with them, that ultimately led them to sign with Reprise Records.